• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the monitoring of the tightness of pressure vessels, and it allows to improve the accuracy of determining the location of a leak. The background high-frequency noise of the capacitance is measured for 10 min and the average value of their intensity is taken as the threshold. The recorded effective value of high-frequency noise is compared with the threshold one and, if it is exceeded over the latter, it is concluded that there is a leak. With the help of several probes mounted on the walls of the tank, they determine the place of maximum noise, which is the point of leakage. The latter is determined separately for several different frequencies and averaged values are obtained. The probes are periodically calibrated using a known sound signal with a known position in space. To reduce the background noise when monitoring the cooling loop of a nuclear reactor during noise recording, the main pump is turned off. 4 3.p. f-ly, 5 ill. I WITH with
    公开号:SU1398778A3
    申请号:SU843791605
    申请日:1984-09-21
    公开日:1988-05-23
    发明作者:Лойкер Вильгельм；Штипситс Гюнтер；Тиль Бернхард
    申请人:Крафтверк Унион Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CO-CO
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    cm
    The invention relates to measuring and measuring technology and can be used to expel the leakage place in pressure vessels, for example, the cooling circuit of a nuclear reactor or in pipe-water systems for chemical installations.
    The aim of the inventions is to improve the accuracy by eliminating the error due to the effect of the sound frequency on its attenuation into the vessel wall.
    FIG. I presents the scheme of the primary cooling circuit of the reactor; in fig. 2 shows the setup of the two probes and the oscillating values of the sound noise they distribute in FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for implementing the method; on. Fig. 4 is a detailed block diagram of the same device; Fig, 5 is a graph of the recorded sound values along the length of the monitored capacity and the results of their processing.
    First; the primary circuit is 1 pe; lt. vopa, cooled by water, is connected with the reactor s W CGCT.b 2, in which the core of the reactor is located 1 ke "rendered") It is cooled under the expansion; the water that is supplied by the ocHosKiM pump 3-cooling through the pump (through the steam generator 5, B to the steam generator 5 heated to the core of the reactor, the pressure head electrode gives off its absorption tissue and the vapor evaporates) drive 3 rypdKi-iy generator,
    liacoc 3 sidk T on XQJJ one thread of an idyr reactor; - lh as a steam generator 5 through (;, L 6 to 7 pipelines 4, which are connected to each other by a Kapssr;; ns: Nb. is loaded in the NRE.
    In the GrubBreak Cock:: za 1 there are installed probes 9 5 containing and sensitive electric sensors,:.: Elements that are connected to the primary contour I wall through the BOLIODOD, i.e. gikrokog olink; sensitive waves that are designed for a frequency range of 100–800 kHz, a metallic rod, for example, with a diameter of 4 and a diameter of 30 mm (which is connected to the sensory element through horses)
    .
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    chesky terminal part. The connection is made due to pressure pre-tension, which simultaneously presses the waveguide against the wall of the primary circuit 1.
    In addition, an electroacoustic transmitter 10 is installed on the primary circuit 1, which can produce a specific signal for calibration, which is introduced at a specific location into the casing of the main cooling pump 3
    FIG. Figure 2 schematically shows the arrangement of two probes on the wall of the primary circuit 1. Between the probe, the leakage location L is marked with leakage intensity M. It is removed from one probe 9 to distance d, and from the other probe 9 to distance d. The distance d, + d between the probes 9 is, for example, 10 m. The outputs of the probes 9 are fed through preamplifiers II, voltmeters 12, which form the effective value of the noise. Voltmeters 12 show the noise density with the onset of a leakage of time t, (Fig. 5). povigaeka tuma ie The change in the effective value of the signal of voltmeters 1 2 depends on the distance of the leak from the probes 9, because w / m, falling as sound, of the body under study to the probes, is damped in the wall. A probe 9 with a smaller distance from the leak gives a stronger signal U (d,) than a more distant probe 9 with a signal
    U (da) "
    FIG FIG 2 production background
    noise leakage. Those. noise level during normal operation; denoted by Ug 5. The value of Ug, myt-ia, appearing in: time t, with the beginning of the leak, consists of the background noise Ug, to the additional noise Up ,, caused by the leak.
    The probes are equipped with broadband forces, p i 1 I, which are connected via a switch of 1.3 channels with meter 12 for measuring effective values; the output of which is connected to device 4 for processing data. Amplifier, 11 transmitter 10 is connected through a shaper of 16 pulses with a bknayad generator 17 Igum. which 3 specific points in time are controlled from the device: To processing. OnCG Device I: processing dakna.
    which may also include magnetic recording.
    In addition, each probe 9 is connected through the waveguide 18c with a primary circuit 1, which is a vessel wall. The probe 9 is connected via an amplifier 11, having 40 dB, to the functional unit 19. It includes a control electronic device, in particular for interrogating the probes in the stepping mode, an analog connecting element and a converter of continuous values into digital values served in a double ring line 20 having rings 21 and 22. Ring line 20 is connected to each and the probes. 9, with a beam, if necessary, in which several probes 9 are combined with their functional units 22 into a ring station 23.
    The ring 21 of the ring line 20 is bipolar. It serves for digital data transmission. Ring 22 transmits analog signal values
    Further, at least one calibration unit 24 is connected to the ring line 20. It includes a transmitter 10, which is provided for delivering a sound signal with a known frequency and amplitude. However, with the help of two transmitters 10 with a known distance between them, the function of determining the location can be even more accurately controlled.
    The ring line 20 runs to the head station 25, which is outside the reservoir 26 that includes the primary circuit 1. The head station 25 includes a digital electronic data processing unit 27 having a storage device 28 and a microprocessor 29 that controls the recorder 15. With the electronic device 27, the data processing is connected via wire 30 to bus 31, which leads to a diagnostic system. Wire 32 leads to another bus 33, which belongs to the control technology of a nuclear power plant, which includes a pressurized water cooled reactor. A mobile service display 34 can be connected to the electronic data processing device 27.
    The method for determining the location of a leak in pressure vessels is as follows.
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    The threshold value of the background high-frequency sound noise is determined by measuring the swirl noise of the cooling circuit for at least 10 minutes. The memory device 28 serves to form a long-term average value of the intensity of the background noise, which is taken as a threshold value. The threshold value is slippery because it changes as production noise changes. In addition, the storage device 28 serves to fix the history of the leak noise in the event of a leak.
    During the monitoring, high-frequency noise is measured using probes 9. Their effective value in microprocessor 29 is compared with the threshold value, and if this effective value rises above the threshold, a leak signal is generated.
    The intensities U (d) and UCd) of the noise recorded by each of the probes 9 are determined by the distances d, and A "from these probes 9 to the max.
    attenuation of noise that depends on the frequency, therefore, the location of the leak is carried out separately for several frequencies. The obtained leakage coordinates are averaged. Thus, the position of the leak can be determined to within a few percent of the distance between the probes 9.
    The probes 9 are connected to the head station 25 via the ring line 20. If the line 20 is in good condition, the signal arrives at station 25 twice. In the case of a trunk line 20 anywhere, the signal will go to station 25 through the whole branch. Thus, using
    The ring line 20 increases the reliability of the control.
    Periodically, for example, once every 24 hours, the probes 9 are calibrated. The electroacoustic transmitter 10, which can produce a known sound signal in a known place, excites the probes 9.
    Thus, changes in the state of the sensing elements of the probes 9 are taken into account and compared. In this case, the KOHXpeTifbie correction factors for each probe 9 are determined.
    on which their signals are multiplied with further control.
    Calibration may also include determining the position of the location of the transmitter 10. This checks the coincidence of the locations of the transmitter 10 calculated from the probes 9 with the true one. Such periodic verification allows fast installation of outdated probes 9. Typically, there are redundant probes in the system, which ensures the operational reliability of the system.
    The diagram with effective values and (mV) on the logarithmic ordinate over the interval d (M) on the linear abscissa shows that the operating noise UgCt) gives the effective value in five probes 9, which is in the range 1 - 5 mV of the initial voltage ( Fig. 5, curve 35). To simulate a leak, operating noise is superimposed by a high-frequency transmitter 10. The total signal forms higher values, () (Crto 36). Then, from the root of the difference squares of the measured values, a clear signal is received and
    Jir 11
    Jue.u in
    This transmitted signal depends exponentially on the location of the simulated leakage and, on a semi-log plot, forms two right angles 37 and 38 at an angle to each other. Their intersection point 39 shows the location of the simulated leakage L,
    For actual leakage, the corresponding direct 37 and 38 are obtained to determine its location.
    In order to reduce background noise when a leak in the nuclear reactor is disturbed, the main cooling pump 3 is turned off. At the same time, the noise level is significantly reduced and the sensitivity is increased. With increased sensitivity, a leakage of less than 30 kg / h can be detected, while with pump 3 running it is possible to reliably detect leakage up to 100 kg / h. This technique is applied to nuclear reactors with several cooling circuits, which can turn off the main coolant pump in one tender without affecting the operation.
    about rmu l and
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    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1, A method for locating a leak in pressure vessels, which consists in determining the threshold value of the background noise by measuring the background high-frequency sound noise of a vessel, recording the high-frequency sound noise from a leak using at least two probes mounted on the walls capacitances, the recorded signals are amplified, the effective value of their intensity is compared with the threshold value of background noise and, when it exceeds the threshold value, a leakage signal is obtained, compare pyr other effective sound noise intensity value capacitance from at least two probes, the results of the comparison with the distance between these probes and often independent of an
    The 5 attenuation factors of sound noises in the vessel walls determine the place of the maximum sound noise of the vessel, which is taken as the leak, as I, for the purpose of improving accuracy, measure the background noise for 10 minutes, the average value of their intensity is taken for the threshold, the registration of high-frequency sound noise from the leak is carried out for several different frequencies, the determination of their excess above the threshold value and the location of the maximum sound noise of the capacitance is carried out for each of these hours the one separately and the location of the leak are defined as the average value of these places of maximum sound noise,
    [2]
    2, Method pop, 1, characterized in that the probes are calibrated by exciting them at certain intervals with the help of a known sound signal,
    [3]
    3, Method pop, 1, distinguishing with the fact that they use a known sound signal with a known position in space and after calibrating the probes, determine with their help the position of the position of the known sound signal compares it with the limestone and determine the error in determining this place.
    five
    five
    [4]
    4, Method according to claim 1, 1, 3, 1 and 2, so that after receiving a leakage signal in a nuclear reactor with a main cooling pump, when recording sound noises, the main cooling (the pump is turned off).
    [5]
    5. The method according to paragraphs. l-A, tl and - due to the fact that the signals registered by the probes transmit to the headboard via two independent
    one from another conductive line m.
    eight
    and,
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    FIG. 2
    15
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    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    FI842849A0|1984-07-16|
    JPH0214650B2|1990-04-09|
    US4640121A|1987-02-03|
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    FI76215C|1988-09-09|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE19833336245|DE3336245A1|1983-10-05|1983-10-05|METHOD FOR DETERMINING A LEAK AT PRESSURE-CONTAINING CONTAINERS AND DEVICE THEREFOR|
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